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have与has的用法辨析

作者:opple 时间:2023-08-05 阅读:()

  I know I must study hard. 我知道我必须努力学习。

  My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.

  我弟弟病得厉害, 我只得半夜里把医生请来。

  I haven't got any money with me, so I'll have to borrow some from my friend.

  我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。

  He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。

  2. have to可以用于多种时态;而must只用于一般现在或将来。例如:

  The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.

  作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。

情态助动词用法简述

  dare, need

  ① dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

  eg. How dare you say such horrible words to me?

  ② need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句,相当于肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should。

  eg. Need I finish the work today?

  Yes, you must. / No, you needn't.

  ③ dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化,在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式,在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式,而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

  eg. She doesn't dare (to)answer.

  She needs to cook dinner for her sisters.

  五. shall, should

  ① shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。

  eg. What shall I do ?

  ② shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

  eg. You shall be punished,you bad boy!

  六. will, would

  ① 表示请求、建议等,使用would使语气更加缓和。

  eg. Would you give me a cup of coffee, please?

  ② 表示意志、愿望和决心。

  eg. I will never do that again.

  ③ would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

  eg. During that summer, he would visit me every other day.

  ④ 表示估计和猜想。

  eg. It would be about may when she come back to China.

  七. should, ought to

  ① should表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,语气更严重。

  eg. I should help her because she is in trouble.

  You ought to take care of her because she is your daughter.

  ② 表示劝告、建议和命令,should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。

  eg.Should I open the window?

  ③ 表示推测, should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。

  eg. She must pass the exam. (断定)

  She ought to/should pass the exam.(不太肯定)

连系动词look, sound, smell, taste 和feel的用法

  它们都属于表示知觉的连系动词,意思分别是“看起来”、“听起来”、“闻起来”、“尝起来”、“摸起来”。使用时注意以下几点:

  (1) 通常以物作主语,表示人的知觉状态或感觉能力,虽有被动词味,但不用被动语态。如:

  误:The stone is felt smooth. 这种石头摸上去很光滑。

  正:The stone feels smooth.

  误:The soup is tasted delicious. 这汤味道不错。

  正:The soup tastes delicious.

  (2) 其后均可接like短语。如:

  That photograph doesn't look like her at all. 那张照片看起来一点都不像她。

  This tastes like an orange. 这东西吃起来像桔子。

  When I realized what stupid mistake I had made, I felt like a fool. 当我发现我犯了个愚蠢的错误是,我觉得仿佛是个傻子。

  (3) 除look外,均不能接 to be,也均不用于进行时态(即使是look也不多见)。如:

  She looks (to be) the right person for this job. 她似乎是做这项工作的合适人选。

  You look / are looking very fetching in that hat with the purple dress. 你戴上那顶帽子配上这紫色衣服显得非常动人。

  (4) taste和smell常与of连用,意为“有┅的味道”。如:

  The room smelt of cigarettes. 房间里有烟味。

  This soup tastes of chicken. 这汤有鸡的味道。

  【注】feel 表示“感觉”可用于进行时。如:

  How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉如何?

  I'm feeling terrible. 我感到难受极了。

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