作者:opple 时间:2022-10-01 阅读:()
With prices going up so fast, we can’t afford luxuries.
He kept the money without anyone knowing where it was.
2)独立主格结构也可以由“名词(或代词)+不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成。
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.
He came into the classroom, book in hand.
2. 分词做状语
过去分词常用作状语,修饰谓语,大多说明动作发生的背景或情况,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。
一般说来,这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
Asked why he was late, he went red.
Given more time, we could have done it better.
3. 分词做状语与独立主格结构(悬垂结构)做状语的区别
分词与独立主格均可作状语。但分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语;而独立主格结构做状语时,前面的名(代)词就是这个结构的逻辑上的主语,它和句子的主语不保持一致性。如:
Seen from the sky, the mountain is very small.
Everything considered, I prefer the first plan.
4. 英语中有一部分分词短语,它独立存在,没有自己的逻辑主语。这些分词短语已成为固定的习惯用语,常被看做句子的插入语
常见的有:
generally speaking
strictly(honestly/frankly/roughly/broadly) speaking
considering…
judging from/by…
talking all/everything into consideration
5. 现在分词和过去分词的区别
1)语态上不同
现在分词表主动,所修饰的人或物时分词动作的执行者;
过去分词表示被动,所修饰的人或物时分词动作的承受者。
I heard someone closing the door.
I heard the door closed.
2)时间上不同
现在分词表正进行,过去分词表完成的动作。
falling leaves
fallen leaves
3)特殊分词的分词用法
英语中和很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉”;
过去分词含有被动意义,即“人被引起某种感觉”。
moving moved disappointing - disappointed
exciting excited surprising surprised
有些及物动词的过去分词表示被动意味并不强,它主要表示的是一种状态或结果。
I found him seated at the back of the classroom.
Lose in the forest, he had to find his way out first.
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