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英语知识点总结

作者:opple 时间:2022-09-30 阅读:()

  take effect 生效,起作用 to the effect that 大意是 in effect 实质上,实际上 come/go into effect 生效

  (6)relate v

  relate to/with 有关联 in/with relation to 有关,涉及

  阅读方法

  第一节 猜测词义,减少阅读障碍

  一、 上下语境法

  1. 利用定义、解释或重述猜测词义

  定义或解释时,常见的表述有:?means?;?is/are called?;?,which?;?can be defined as?;?is/are known as?;be;refer to;be referred to as;be spoken of as;mean;denote;be described as;be defined as;be thought of as;be known as;be called/named/termed;be taken to de等。

  进行重述时,常见的表达有:or?;in other words;to put it in another way;that is to say;that is;i.e.等。

  除了这些表述之外,有时文章的破折号、冒号、括号、逗号等也能起到提示的作用。

  2. 利用对比、反义词猜测词义

  表示对比的句子往往带有一个标志语,即从属连词、并列连词、介词或副词,常见的有:but;however;whereas;rather than;although;though;nevertheless;in spite of;despite;unlike;in contrast;on the other hand;instead (of)等。在同句中出现一对或几对反义词,能够加强对比对照的效果。同时,作者也可利用意义相反的词汇来对某个单词进行解释或说明。

  3. 利用同义词猜测词义

  为了使某个生词或术语的含义更加清楚,作者有时会用一个常用词、词组或简练的`句子来加以重述,这种重述往往可以在生词后面找到。我们可以通过这种联系找出词与词之间的相互关系。判断词的意义。

  4. 利用举例猜测词义

  常见的用于举例说明解释的表达有:such as;like;especially;for example;for instance;as;as?as等。

  5. 一般常识

  我们往往可以根据自己的经验或用已经了解的某事物的一般常识来猜测词义,而这种常识一般在文中已经给出。

  二、 构词法

  1.复合词 2.混合词 3.寻找词根 4.辨认前后缀

  三、 逻辑连接

  英语中表达各种逻辑意义的连接手段,可表现为此、词组、分句或其他具有连接作用的结构。以下介绍一些常用的连接手段。

  (1)表示列举的有:firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally,in the first(second,third)place,to begin with,to start with,first of all,next,also,after that,then等。

  (2)表示举例的有:for example,for instance,to illustrate,as an illustration,such as,as a case in point,one example is that?等。

  (3)表示原因的有:because,as,since,for,the reason for this lies in the fact is that?,the key(main,chief,most important)reason is (that)?thanks to,due to,owing to,in consequence of,on the ground of等。

  (4)表示比较的有:similarly,likewise,in the same way,i.e.等。

  (5)表示对照的有:but,however,nevertheless,rather than,instead of,on the other hand,by contrast,on the contrary,while,whereas,in spite of that,in contrast,conversely等。

  (6)表示让步的有:in spite of this/that,of course,no doubt,naturally,though,to tell you the truth等。

  (7)表示结果的有:therefore,hence,thus,so,as a result (of),as consequence of,accordingly,consequently等。

  (8)表示归纳的有:in short,in brief,in one word,in summary,in conclusion,to conclude等。

  (9)表示强调的有:in fact,as a matter of fact,in reality,in effect,sure enough,to be sure,actually,especially,above all,in particular,particularly,most importantly,omst important of all等。

  (10)表示引出观点的有:in my opinion,to my mind,I think(believe,hold,assume,suppose)that?,it is my belief that?,relatively speaking,as everyone knows,It enjoys worldwide acceptance that?,no one can deny that?,recent studies have led the public to realization that?,there is enough proof(evidence) to show that?,It is well known that?,As can be seen from the table that?,it is quite clear(obvious,certain)that?等。

  (11)表示添加的有:and,also,beside,furthermore,moreover,in addition to等。

  (12)表示结论的有:in a word,in short,in brief,in conclusion,in summary,to conclude,to sum up,to draw a conclusion,to say it simply,to put it simply,all in all,overall,on the whole等。

  第二节 句子的阅读和理解

  一、 确定难点所在,简化难点

  1. 如果句子里生词多,可把生词删去,看看是否理解剩下部分。

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